Unit I
SELF-AWARENESS(WHO) & POSITIVE THINKING(UNICEF)
Unit II
EMPATHY
Unit III
CRITICAL & CREATIVE THINKING
Unit IV
Part of Speech
4.1 Articles
4.2 Noun
4.3 Pronoun
4.4 Verb
4.5 Adverb
4.6 Adjective
4.7 Preposition
Unit V
Paragraph and Essay Writing
5.1 Descriptive
5.2 Expository
5.3 Persuasive
5.4 Narrative
Reading Comprehension
Unit I
ELASTICITY: Hooke’s law – stress-strain diagram – elastic constants –Poisson’s ratio – relation between elastic constants and Poisson’s ratio – work done in stretching and twisting a wire – twisting couple on a cylinder – rigidity modulus by static torsion– torsional pendulum (with and without masses)
Unit II
BENDING OF BEAMS: cantilever– expression for Bending moment – expression for depression at the loaded end of the cantilever– oscillations of a cantilever – expression for time period – experiment to find Young’s modulus – non-uniform bending– experiment to determine Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method – uniform bending – expression for elevation – experiment to determine Young’s modulus using microscope
Unit III
FLUID DYNAMICS: Surface tension: definition – molecular forces– excess pressure over curved surface – application to spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles – determination of surface tension by Jaegar’s method–variation of surface tension with temperature Viscosity: definition – streamline and turbulent flow – rate of flow of liquid in a capillary tube – Poiseuille’s formula –corrections – terminal velocity and Stoke’s formula– variation of viscosity with temperature
Unit IV
WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) – differential equation of SHM – graphical representation of SHM – composition of two SHM in a straight line and at right angles – Lissajous’s figures- free, damped, forced vibrations –resonance and Sharpness of resonance. Laws of transverse vibration in strings –sonometer – determination of AC frequency using sonometer–determination of frequency using Melde’s string apparatus
Unit V
ACOUSTICS OF BUILDINGS AND ULTRASONICS:
Intensity of sound – decibel – loudness of sound –reverberation – Sabine’s reverberation formula – acoustic intensity – factors affecting the acoustics of buildings.
Ultrasonic waves: production of ultrasonic waves – Piezoelectric crystal method – magnetostriction effect – application of ultrasonic waves
CORE PRACTICAL 1
Minimum of Eight Experiments from the list:
1. Determination of rigidity modulus without mass using Torsional pendulum.
2. Determination of rigidity modulus with masses using Torsional pendulum.
3. Determination of moment of inertia of an irregular body.
4. Verification of parallel axes theorem on moment of inertia.
5. Verification of perpendicular axes theorem on moment of inertia.
6. Determination of moment of inertia and g using Bifilar pendulum.
7. Determination of Young’s modulus by stretching of wire with known masses.
8. Verification of Hook’s law by stretching of wire method.
9. Determination of Young’s modulus by uniform bending – load depression graph.
10. Determination of Young’s modulus by non-uniform bending – scale and telescope.
11. Determination of Young’s modulus by cantilever – load depression graph.
12. Determination of Young’s modulus by cantilever – oscillation method
13. Determination of Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method – ( or unknown load)
14. Determination of rigidity modulus by static torsion.
15. Determination of Y, n and K by Searle’s double bar method.
16. Determination of surface tension and interfacial surface tension by drop weight method.
17. Determination of co-efficient of viscosity by Stokes’ method – terminal velocity.
18. Determination of critical pressure for streamline flow.
19. Determination of Poisson’s ratio of rubber tube.
20. Determination of viscosity by Poiseullie’s flow method.
21. Determination radius of capillary tube by mercury pellet method.
22. Determination of g using compound pendulum.
Unit I
Summation of series: Binomial series -Exponential series – Logarithmic series -Simple Problems.
Chapter 2: Sections: 2.1.3, 2.2, 2.2.1, 2.3, 2.3.3.
Unit II
Matrices: Symmetric– Skew-Symmetric–Hermitian– SkewHermitian –Orthogonal and Unitary matrices– Cayley-Hamilton theorem (without proof) – Verification- Computation of inverse of matrix using Cayley – Hamilton theorem.
Chapter 4: Sections: 4.1.1 –4.1.6, 4.5.2 and 4.5.3
Unit III
Numerical Methods: Newton’s method to find a root approximately. Finite Differences: Interpolation: Operators,∆, ∇, E, E –1 difference tables. Interpolation formulae: Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae for equal intervals, Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
Chapter 3: Sections 3.4.1. Chapter 5: Sections: 5.1 and 5.2.
Unit IV
Trigonometry: Expansions of sinn θ, cosn θ in a series of powers of sinθ and cosθ – Expansions of sin(nθ) and cos(nθ) in a series sines and cosines of multiples of “θ” – Expansions of sinθ, cosθ and tanθ in a series of powers of “θ” – Hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions .
Chapter 6: Section 6.1 – 6.3
Unit V
Differential Calculus: Successive differentiation, n th derivatives, Leibnitz theorem (without proof) and applications, Jacobians, maxima and minima of functions of two variables- Simple problems
Chapter 1, Section 1.1 to 1.3.1
Physics for Everyday Life
Unit I
MECHANICAL OBJECTS: spring scales – bouncing balls –roller coasters – bicycles –rockets and space travel.
Unit II
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND LASER: vision corrective lenses – polaroid glasses – UV protective glass – polaroid camera – colour photography – holography and laser.
Unit III
PHYSICS OF HOME APPLIANCES: bulb – fan – hair drier – television – air conditioners – microwave ovens – vacuum cleaners
Unit IV
SOLAR ENERGY: Solar constant – General applications of solar energy – Solar water heaters – Solar Photo – voltaic cells – General applications of solar cells.
Unit V
INDIAN PHYSICIST AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS: C.V.Raman, HomiJehangirBhabha, Vikram Sarabhai, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and their contribution to science and technology.
Unit I
vectors, scalars –examples for scalars and vectors from physical quantities – addition, subtraction of vectors – resolution and resultant of vectors – units and dimensions– standard physics constants
Unit II
different types of forces–gravitational, electrostatic, magnetic, electromagnetic, nuclear –mechanical forces like, centripetal, centrifugal, friction, tension, cohesive, adhesive forces
Unit III
different forms of energy– conservation laws of momentum, energy – types of collisions –angular momentum– alternate energy sources– real life examples
Unit IV
types of motion– linear, projectile, circular, angular, simple harmonic motions – satellite motion – banking of a curved roads – stream line and turbulent motions – wave motion – comparison of
light and sound waves – free, forced, damped oscillations
Unit V
surface tension – shape of liquid drop – angle of contact – viscosity –lubricants – capillary flow – diffusion – real life examples– properties and types of materials in daily use- conductors, insulators – thermal and electric
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Unit I
RESILIENCE
Unit II
DECISION MAKING
Unit III
PROBLEM SOLVING
Unit IV
Tenses
4.1 Present
4.2 Past
4.3 Future
4.4 Concord
Unit V
English in the Workplace
5.1 E-mail – Invitation, Enquiry, Seeking
Clarification
5.2 Circular
5.3 Memo
5.4 Minutes of the Meeting
Unit I
CALORIMETRY: specific heat capacity – specific heat capacity of gases CPand CV– Meyer’s relation – Joly’s method for determination of CV – Regnault’s methodfor determination of CP
LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS: Joule-Kelvin effect – porous plug experiment – Joule-Thomson effect –Boyle temperature – temperature of inversion – liquefaction of gas by Linde’s Process –
adiabatic demagnetisation.
Unit II
THERMODYNAMICS-I: zeroth law and first law of thermodynamics – P-V diagram – heat engine –efficiency of heat engine – Carnot’s engine, construction, working and efficiency of petrol engine and diesel engines – comparison of engines.
Unit III
THERMODYNAMICS-II: second law of thermodynamics –entropy of an ideal gas – entropy change in reversible and irreversible processes – T-S diagram –thermodynamicalscale of temperature – Maxwell’s thermodynamical relations –ClasiusClapeyron’sequation (first latent heat equation) – third law of thermodynamics – unattainability of absolute zero – heat death.
Unit IV
HEATTRANSFER: modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection and radiation.
Conduction: thermal conductivity – determination of thermal conductivity of a good conductor by Forbe’s method – determination of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s disc method.
Radiation: black body radiation (Ferry’s method) – distribution of energy in black body radiation – Wien’s law and Rayleigh Jean’s law –Planck’s law of radiation – Stefan’s law – deduction of
Newton’s law of cooling from Stefan’s law.
Unit V
STATISTICALMECHANICS: definition of phase-space – micro and macro states – ensembles –different types of ensembles – classical and quantum Statistics – Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics – expression for distribution function – Bose-Einstein statistics – expression for distribution function – Fermi-Dirac statistics – expression for distribution function – comparison of three
statistics.
HEAT, OSCILLATIONS, WAVES and SOUND
Minimum of Eight Experiments from the list:
1. Determination of specific heat by cooling – graphical method.
2. Determination of thermal conductivity of good conductor by Searle’s method.
3. Determination of thermal conductivity of bad conductor by Lee’s disc method.
4. Determination of thermal conductivity of bad conductor by Charlaton’s method.
5. Determination of specific heat capacity of solid.
6. Determination of specific heat of liquid by Joule’s electrical heating method
(applying radiation correction by Barton’s correction/graphical method),
7. Determination of Latent heat of a vaporization of a liquid.
8. Determination of Stefan’s constant for Black body radiation.
9. Verification of Stefan’s-Boltzmans law.
10. Determination of thermal conductivity of rubber tube.
11. Helmholtz resonator.
12. Velocity of sound through a wire using Sonometer.
13. Determination of velocity of sound using Kunds tube.
14. Determination of frequency of an electrically maintained tuning fork
15. To verify the laws of transverse vibration using sonometer.
16. To verify the laws of transverse vibration using Melde’s apparatus.
17. To compare the mass per unit length of two strings using Melde’s apparatus.
18. Frequency of AC by using sonometer.
Unit I
Integral calculus: Bernouli’s Formula, Reduction Formula 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑛𝜃, 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝜃, 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑚𝜃 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝜃 – Simple Problems
Unit II
Fourier Series: Fourier series for functions (0, 2π ), (−π ,π )
Chapter 4: Section : 4.1, 4.1.1
Unit III
Differential Equations: Ordinary Differential Equations: second order non- homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients of the form ay” +by’+ cy = X where X is of the
form cos and sin – Related problems only.
Partial Differential Equations: Formation, complete integrals and general integrals, fourstandard types and solving Lagrange’s linear equation P p +Q q= R.
Chapter 5: Section 5.2.1, Chapter 6: Section 6.1 to 6.4
Unit IV
Laplace Transforms: Laplace transformations of standard functions and simple properties, inverse Laplace transforms.
Chapter 7: Section 7.1.1 to 7.1.4 & 7.2 to 7.2.3
Unit V
Vector Differentiation: Introduction, Scalar point functions, Vector point functions, vector differential operator Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Solenoidal, irrotational, identities.
Chapter 8, Section 8.1 to 8.4.4
Astrophysics
Unit I
TELESCOPES: Optical telescopes – magnifying power, brightness, resolving power and f/a ratio – types of reflecting and refracting telescopes – detectors and image processing – radio telescopes – Hubble space telescope
Unit II
SOLAR SYSTEM: Bode’s law of planetary distances – meteors, meteorites, comets, asteroids – Kuiper belt – Oort cloud – detection of gravitational waves – recent advances in astrophysics.
Unit III
ECLIPSES: types of eclipses – solar eclipse – total and partial solar eclipse – lunar eclipse – total and partial lunar eclipse – transits.
THE SUN: physical and orbital data – solar atmosphere – photosphere – chromosphere – solar corona – prominences – sunspots – 11year solar cycle – solar flares.
Unit IV
STELLAR EVOLUTION: H-R diagram – birth and death of low mass, intermediate mass and massive stars – Chandrasekar limit – white dwarfs – neutron stars – pulsars – black holes – supernovae.
GALAXIES: classification of galaxies – galaxy clusters –interactions of galaxies, dark matter and super clusters – evolving universe.
Unit V
ACTIVITIES IN ASTROPHYSICS:
(i) Basic construction of telescope
(ii) Develop models to demonstrate eclipses/planetary motion
(iii) Night sky observation
(iv) Conduct case study pertaining to any topic in this paper
(v) Visit to any one of the National Observatories
Any three activities to be done compulsorily.
Unit I
PERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICSOFAN INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM
Introduction –System configuration –Problem Analysis –Basic Characteristics of measuring devices –Calibration – Generalized measurement–Zero–order system– Second order system–Dead time element –Specification and testing of dynamic response.
Unit II
SENSORSANDTRANSDUCERS
Basic principles of sensors–pressure sensor(Strain Gauge)–IR sensorCharacteristics of transducers –variable resistance transducer –variable capacitance transducer –Voltage and current transducer.
Unit III
DIGITALINSTRUMENTS
Introduction –Digital Multi meter –Digital panel meter –Digital frequency meter– Digital measurement of time–Universal counter– Digitaltachometer–DigitalPHmeter.
Unit IV
MEDICALINSTRUMENTATION
ECG-EEG–Lead systems and recording methods–typical waveforms– X-ray machine–Digital Stethoscope–Computer tomography–MRI– Ultra sonography–Thermography–Pacemakers–Ventilators–Dialyzers.
Unit V
GASANALYSERSANDPOLLUTIONMONITORING INSTRUMENTS
Types of gas analysers–Oxygen,NO2andH2Stypes–IR analyser–Air pollution standards–Air pollution detector –Dust and smoke detector–Radiation monitoring instruments –Area radiation dosimeter –personal Radiation dosimeter–radiation warning alarm.
Unit I
ACTIVE LISTENING
Unit II
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Unit III
COPING WITH STRESS
Unit IV
Grammar
4.1 Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
4.2 Modals and Auxiliaries
4.3 Verb Phrases – Gerund, Participle, Infinitive
Unit V
Composition/ Writing Skills
5.1 Official Correspondence – Leave Letter , Letter of Application, Permission Letter
5.2 Drafting Invitations
5.3 Brochures for Programmes and Events
Unit I
LAWS OF MOTION:
Newton’s Laws– Forces – Equations of Motion – Frictional Force – Motion of a particle in a Uniform Gravitational Field – Types of Everyday Forces in Physics.
Gravitation:Classical Theory of Gravitation–Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s Law of Gravitation – Determination of G by Boy’s Method – EarthMoon System – Weightlessness – Earth Satellites – Parking Orbit – Earth Density – Mass of The Sun – Gravitational Potential – Velocity of Escape – Satellite Potential and Kinetic Energy –Einstein’s Theory of Gravitation – Introduction –Principle of Equivalence – Experimental Tests of General Theory of Relativity – Gravitational Red Shift –
Bending of Light – Perihelion of Mercury.
Unit II
CONSERVATION LAWS OF LINEAR AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM:
Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum – Internal Forces and momentum Conservation – Center of Mass – Examples – General Elastic Collision of Particles of Different Masses – System with Variable Mass – Examples – Conservation of Angular Momentum – Torque due to Internal Forces – Torque due to Gravity – Angular Momentum about Center of Mass – Proton Scattering by Heavy Nucleus
Unit III
CONSERVATION LAWS OF ENERGY:
Introduction – Significance of Conservation Laws – Law of Conservation of Energy concepts of Work- Power – Energy – Conservative Forces – Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy in
gravitational and Electric Field – Examples –Non-Conservative Forces – General Law of Conservation of Energy.
Unit IV
RIGID BODY DYNAMICS:
Translational and Rotational Motion – Angular Momentum – Moment of Inertia – General Theorems of Moment of Inertia – Examples – Rotation About Fixed Axis – Kinetic Energy of Rotation – Examples – Body Rolling along a Plane Surface – Body Rolling Down an Inclined
Plane – Gyroscopic Precision – Gyrostatic Applications.
Unit V
LAGRANGIAN MECHANICS:
Generalized Coordinates –Degrees of Freedom – Constraints – Principle of Virtual Work and D’ Alembert’s Principle –Lagrange’s Equation from D’ Alembert’s Principle – Application –Simple
Pendulum – Atwood’s Machine.
(Any EIGHT Experiments)
1. Calibration of low range and high range voltmeter using potentiometer
2. Calibration of ammeter using potentiometer.
3. Measurement of low resistances using potentiometer.
4. Determination of field along the axis of a current carrying circular coil.
5. Determination of earth’s magnetic field using field along axis of current
carrying coil.
6. Determination of specific resistance of the material of the wire usingPO box.
7. Determination of resistance and specific resistance using Carey Foster’s bridge.
8. Determination of internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer.
9. Determination of specific conductance of an electrolyte.
10. Determination of e.m.f of thermo couple using potentiometer
11. Determination of capacitance using Desauty’s bridge and B.G./Spot
galvanometer/head phone.
12. Determination of figure of merit of BG or spot galvanometer.
13. Comparison of EMF of two cells usingBG.
14. Comparison of capacitance using BG.
Unit I
Chemical Bonding and Nuclear Chemistry
Chemical Bonding: Molecular Orbital Theory-bonding, antibonding and nonbonding orbitals. Molecular orbital diagrams for Hydrogen, Helium, Nitrogen; discussion of bond order and magnetic properties.
Nuclear Chemistry: Fundamental particles – Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones and Isomers-Differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions – group displacement law. Nuclear binding energy – mass defect – calculations. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion – differences.
Unit II
Industrial Chemistry
Fuels: Fuel gases: Natural gas, water gas, semi water gas, carbureted water gas, producer gas, CNG, LPG and oil gas (manufacturing details not required). Silicones: Synthesis, properties and uses of silicones.
Fertilizers: Urea, ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate, NPK fertilizer, superphosphate, triple superphosphate.
Unit III
Fundamental Concepts in Organic Chemistry
Hybridization: Orbital overlap, hybridization and geometry of CH4, C2H4, C2H2 and C6H6. Electronic effects: Inductive effect and consequences on Ka and Kb of organic acids and bases, electromeric, mesomeric, hyper conjugation and steric- examples. Reaction mechanisms: Types of reactions–aromaticity (Huckel’s rule) – aromatic electrophilic substitution; nitration, halogenation, Friedel- Craft’s alkylation and acylation.
Unit IV
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria
Thermodynamics: Types of systems, reversible and irreversible processes, isothermal and adiabatic processes and spontaneous processes. Statements of first law and second law of thermodynamics. Carnot’s cycle and efficiency of heat engine. Entropy and its significance. Free energy change and its importance (no derivation). Conditions for spontaneity in terms of entropy and Gibbs free energy. Relationship between Gibbs free energy and entropy. Phase Equilibria: Phase rule – definition of terms in it. Applications of phase rule to water system. Two component system – Reduced phase rule and its application to a simple eutectic system (Pb-Ag).
Unit V
Analytical Chemistry
Introduction to qualitative and quantitative analysis. Principles of volumetric analysis. Separation and purification techniques – extraction, distillation and crystallization.
Chromatography: principle and application of column, paper and thin layer chromatography.
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
1. Estimation of sodium hydroxide using standard sodium carbonate.
2. Estimation of hydrochloricacid using standardoxalicacid.
3. Estimation of ferroussulphate using standardMohr’ssalt.
4. Estimation of oxalic acid using standard ferroussulphate.
5. Estimation of potassium permanganate using standard
sodiumhydroxide.
6. Estimation of magnesium using EDTA.
Unit I
SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Charge, Current, Potential Difference, Resistance – Simple Electrical Circuits – DC Ammeter, Voltmeter, Ohmmeter – Ohm’s Law – Difference between DC And AC – Advantages of AC Over DC – Electromagnetic Induction – Transformers – Inductors/Chokes – Capacitors/Condensers – Impedance – AC Ammeter, Voltmeter – Symbols and Nomenclature
Unit II
TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICITY:
Production and Transmission of Electricity – Concept of Power Grid – Series and Parallel Connections – Technicalities of Junctions and Loops in Circuits –Transmission Losses (Qualitative) – Roles of Step-Up and Step Down Transformers – Quality of Connecting Wires – Characteristics of Single and Multicore Wires
Unit III
ELECTRICAL WIRING:
Different Types of Switches – Installation of Two Way Switch – Role of Sockets, Plugs, Sockets – Installation of Meters – Basic Switch Board – Electrical Bell – Indicator – Fixing of Tube Lights and Fans – Heavy Equipment Like AC, Fridge, Washing Machine, Oven, Geyser, Jet Pumps
– Provisions for Inverter – Gauge Specifications of Wires for Various Needs
Unit IV
POWER RATING AND POWER DELIVERED:
Conversion of Electrical Energy in to Different Forms – Work Done by Electrical Energy – Power Rating of Electrical Appliances – Energy Consumption – Electrical Energy Unit in KWH – Calculation of EB Bill – Joule’s Heating – Useful Energy and Energy Loss – Single and Three
Phase Connections – Measures to Save Electrical Energy – Energy Audit.
Unit V
SAFETY MEASURES:
Insulation for Wires – Colour Specification for Mains, Return and Earth – Understanding of Fuse and Circuit Breakers – Types of Fuse: Kit-Kat, HRC, Cartridge, MCB, ELCB – Purpose of Earth Line – Lighting Arrestors – Short Circuiting and Over Loading – Electrical Safety – Tips to avoid Electrical Shock – First Aid for Electrical Shock – Fire Safety for Electric Current
Unit I
Introduction to Environmental Studies
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies;
Scope and importance; concept of sustainability and sustainable development.
Unit II
Ecosystem
What is an ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in an
ecosystem:
Food chains, food webs and ecological succession, Case studies of the following
ecosystem:
a) Forest ecosystem
b) Grassland ecosystem
c) Desert ecosystem
d) Aquatic ecosystem (ponds, stream, lakes, rivers, ocean, estuaries)
Unit III
Natural Resources : Renewable and Non – renewable Resources
Land resources and land use change: Land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation : Causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment,
forests, biodiversity and tribal populations.
Water : Use and over – exploitation of surface and ground water, floods, droughts,
conflicts over water ( international and inter-state).
Energy resources : Renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate
energy sources, growing energy needs, case studies.
Unit IV
Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels of biological diversity: genetics, species and ecosystem diversity,
Biogeographic zones of India: Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots
India as a mega- biodiversity nation, Endangered and endemic species of India.
Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man- wildlife conflicts,
biological invasions; Conservations of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation
of biodiversity.
Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic
and Informational value.
Unit V
Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls: Air, Water, soil and noise
Pollution.
Nuclear hazards and human health risks
Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste
Pollution case studies.
Unit VI
Environmental Policies & Practices
Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and impacts on
human communities and agriculture
Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act; Wildlife Protection
Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements: Montreal and Kyoto
protocols and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Nature reserves, tribal populations and rights, and human Wildlife conflicts in Indian
context.
Unit VII
Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth, impacts on environment, human health and welfare.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of projects affected persons; case studies.
Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Environmental movements : Chipko, Silent Valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan.
Environmental ethics : Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in
environmental conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies(e.g. CNG Vehicles
in Delhi)
Unit VIII
Field Work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river / forest/ flora/ fauna etc.
Visit to a local polluted site – Urban / Rural/ Industrial/ Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystem- pond, river, Delhi Ridge etc.
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Unit I
GOAL SETTING (UNICEF)
Unit II
INTEGRITY
Unit III
COPING WITH EMOTIONS
Unit IV
Language Competency Sentences
4.1 Simple Sentences
4.2 Compound Sentences
4.3 Complex Sentences
Direct and Indirect Speech
Unit V
Unit I
LENS AND PRISMS:
Fermat’s Principle Of Least Time – Postulates of Geometrical Optics – Thick and Thin Lenses – Focal Length, Critical Thickness, Power and Cardinal Points of a Thick Lens – Narrow Angled Prisms.
Lens: Lens Makers Formula (No Derivation) – Aberrations: Spherical Aberration,Chromatic Aberrations, Coma, and Astigmatism– Curvature of the Field – Distortion – Chromatic Aberrations Methods.
Prism: Dispersion, Deviation, Aberrations – Applications Rainbows and Halos, Constant Deviation Spectroscope.
Eyepieces: Advantage of an Eyepiece over a Simple Lens – Huygen’s and Ramsden’s Eyepieces, Construction and Working –Merits and Demerits of the Eyepiece.
Resolving power: Rayleigh’s Criterion for Resolution – Limit of Resolution for the Eye – Resolving Power of, (I) Prism (II) Grating (III) Telescope
Unit II
INTERFERENCE:
Division of Wave Front, Fresnel’s Biprism – Fringes with White Light – Division of Amplitude: Interference in Thin Films due to, (i) Reflected Light, (ii) Transmitted Light – Colours of Thin Films Applications – Air Wedge – Newton’s Rings.
Interferometers : Michelson’s Interferometer – Applications, (i) Determination of the Wavelength of a Monochromatic Source of Light, (ii) Determination of the Wavelength and Separation D1 And D2Lines of Sodium Light, (iii) Determination of a Thickness of a Mica Sheet.
Unit III
DIFFRACTION:
Fresnel’s assumptions – zone plate – action of zone plate for an incident spherical wave front – differences between a zone plate and a convex lens –Fresnel type of diffraction – diffraction pattern due to a straight edge – positions of maximum and minimum intensities – diffraction due to a narrow slit – Fraunhofer type of diffraction – Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit – plane diffraction grating– experiment to determine wavelengths – width of principal maxima.
Unit IV
POLARISATION:
Optical Activity – Optically Active Crystals –Polarizer and Analyser– Double Refraction – Optic Axis, Principal Plane – Huygens’s Explanation of Double Refraction in Uniaxial Crystals – Polaroids and Applications – Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light –Quarter Wave Plate – Half Wave Plate – Production and Detection of Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Lights – Fresnel’s Explanation – Specific Rotation – Laurent Half Shade Polarimeter – Experiment to Determine Specific Rotatory Power.
Unit V
SPECTROSCOPY:
Infra-Red Spectroscopy Near Infra-Red and Far Infra-Red – Properties – Origin of IR spectra – IR Spectrophotometer – Applications Interpretation of IR Spectra – CH, CO, CN Bending and Stretching Vibrational Modes Only – Scattering of Light – Raman Effect –Classical Theory –Quantum Theory –Mutual Exclusion Principle – Raman SpectrometerCharacteristics of Raman Lines –Applications – Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy –Properties – Spectrophotometer.
(Any EIGHT Experiments)
1. Determination of refractive index of prism using spectrometer.
2. Determination of refractive index of liquid using hollow prism and spectrometer
3. Determination of dispersive power of a prism.
4. Determination of radius of curvature of lens by forming Newton’s rings.
5. Determination of thickness of a wire using air wedge.
6. Determination of Cauchy’s Constants.
7. Determination of resolving power of grating
8. Determination of resolving power of telescope
9. Comparison of intensities using Lummer Brodhum Photometer.
10. Determination of range of motion using Searlesgoniometer.
11. Verification of Newton’s formula for a lens separated by a distance.
12. Determination of refractive index of a given liquid by forming liquid lens
13. Determination of refractive index using Laser.
14. Determination of wavelengths, particle size using Laser/Monochromatic source.
15. Determination of resolving power of Diffraction grating using Laser
16. Determination of wire using Laser.
Unit I
Co-ordination Chemistry and Water Technology
Co-ordination Chemistry: Definition of terms-IUPAC Nomenclature – Werner’stheory – EAN rule – Pauling’s theory – Postulates – Applications to [Ni(CO)4], [Ni(CN)4] 2- ,[Co(CN)6]
3- Chelation – Biological role of Haemoglobin and Chlorophyll (elementary idea) – Applications in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Water Technology: Hardness of water, determination of hardness of water using EDTA method, zeolite method-Purification techniques- BOD, COD.
Unit II
Carbohydrates and Amino acids
Carbohydrates: Classification, preparation and properties of glucose, fructose and sucrose. Discussion of open chain ring structures of glucose and fructose. Glucose –fructose inter conversion. Properties of starch and cellulose.
Amino acids: Classification – preparation and properties of alanine, preparation of dipeptides using Bergmann method. RNA and DNA (elementary idea only).
Unit III
Electrochemistry
Galvanic cells – Standard hydrogen electrode – calomel electrode – standard electrode potentials -electrochemical series. Strong and weak electrolytes – ionic product of water -pH, pKa, pKb. Conductometric titrations – pH determination by colorimetric method – buffer solutions and its biological applications – electroplating – Nickel and chrome plating – Types of cells -fuel cells-corrosion and its prevention.
Unit IV
Kinetics and Catalysis
Order and molecularity. Integrated rate expression for I and II (2A Products) order reactions. Pseudo first order reaction, methods of determining order of a reaction – Half-life period – Catalysis – homogeneous and heterogeneous, catalyst used in Contact and Haber’s processes. Concept of energy of activation and Arrhenius equation.
Unit V
Photochemistry
Grothus-Draper’s law and Stark-Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence, Quantum yield – Hydrogen-chloride reaction. Phosphorescence, fluorescence, chemiluminescence and
photosensitization and photosynthesis (definition with examples)
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The analysis must be carried out as follows:
(a) Functional group tests [phenol, acids (mono & di) aromatic primary
amine, amides (mono & di), aldehyde and glucose].
(b) Detection of elements (N, S, Halogens).
(c) To distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic compounds.
(d) To distinguish – Saturated and unsaturated compounds.
Unit I
Overview of Financial Technology
Financial Technology – Emerging Technologies – India’s FinTech Ecosystem – Value Creation -FinTech Adaption – FinTech Global Scenario
Unit II
Internet of Things (IoT) & Application Program Interfaces
Introduction to Internet of Things & Application Program Interfaces – Financial System Communication – Open Banking
Unit III
Avenues of FinTech & Strategies of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Equity Crowd Funding – Wealth Management – P2P & Marketplace lending – Introduction to Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning – Difference between Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning – Fintech Applications / Case Studies
Unit IV
FinTech Regulations
Govt. initiatives in India (NPCI, UPI, OCEAN) – Security and Privacy in FinTech – Data Protection Laws & Regulations
Unit V
Project
Unit I
Introduction to Environmental Studies
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies;
Scope and importance; concept of sustainability and sustainable development.
Unit II
Ecosystem
What is an ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in an
ecosystem:
Food chains, food webs and ecological succession, Case studies of the following
ecosystem:
a) Forest ecosystem
b) Grassland ecosystem
c) Desert ecosystem
d) Aquatic ecosystem (ponds, stream, lakes, rivers, ocean, estuaries)
Unit III
Natural Resources : Renewable and Non – renewable Resources
Land resources and land use change: Land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation : Causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment,
forests, biodiversity and tribal populations.
Water : Use and over – exploitation of surface and ground water, floods, droughts,
conflicts over water ( international and inter-state).
Energy resources : Renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate
energy sources, growing energy needs, case studies.
Unit IV
Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels of biological diversity: genetics, species and ecosystem diversity,
Biogeographic zones of India: Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots
India as a mega- biodiversity nation, Endangered and endemic species of India.
Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man- wildlife conflicts,
biological invasions; Conservations of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation
of biodiversity.
Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic
and Informational value.
Unit V
Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls: Air, Water, soil and noise
Pollution.
Nuclear hazards and human health risks
Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste
Pollution case studies.
Unit VI
Environmental Policies & Practices
Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and impacts on
human communities and agriculture
Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act; Wildlife Protection
Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements: Montreal and Kyoto
protocols and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Nature reserves, tribal populations and rights, and human Wildlife conflicts in Indian
context.
Unit VII
Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth, impacts on environment, human health and welfare.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of projects affected persons; case studies.
Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Environmental movements : Chipko, Silent Valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan.
Environmental ethics : Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in
environmental conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies(e.g. CNG Vehicles
in Delhi)
Unit VIII
Field Work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river / forest/ flora/ fauna etc.
Visit to a local polluted site – Urban / Rural/ Industrial/ Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystem- pond, river, Delhi Ridge etc.
Unit I
Value education-its purpose and significance in the present world – Value system – The role
of culture and civilization – Holistic living – balancing the outer and inner – Body, Mind and Intellectual level – Duties and responsibilities.
Unit II
Salient values for life – Truth, commitment, honesty and integrity, forgiveness and love, empathy and ability to sacrifice, care, unity, and inclusiveness, Self esteem and self confidence, punctuality – Time, task and resource management – Problem solving and decision making skills – Interpersonal and Intra personal relationship – Team work – Positive and creative thinking
Unit III
Human Rights – Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Human Rights violations – National Integration – Peace and non-violence – Dr.A P J Kalam’s ten points for enlightened citizenship – Social Values and Welfare of the citizen – The role of media in value building.
Unit IV
Environment and Ecological balance – interdependence of all beings – living and non-living. The binding of man and nature – Environment conservation and enrichment.
Unit V
Social Evils – Corruption, Cyber crime, Terrorism – Alcoholism, Drug addiction – Dowry – Domestic violence – untouchability – female infanticide – atrocities against women – How
to tackle them
Unit I
THE ELECTRON AND POSITIVE RAYS:
e/m of electron by Dunnington’s method –charge of electron by Millikan’s oil drop method – properties of positive rays –e/m of positive rays by Thomson’s parabola method (problems calculation of e/m ratio of positive rays)–mass spectrographs and uses– Bainbridge and Dempster’s mass spectrographs
Unit II
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT:
Photoelectric Emission – Leonard’s Experiment – Richardson and Compton Experiment –Laws of Photoelectric Emission – Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation (Problems using Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation) –Experimental Verification by Millikan’s Method – Photoelectric Cell– Photo Emissive Cell –Photovoltaic Cell – Photo Conducting Cell – Applications of Photoelectric Cells –Photomultiplier.
Unit III
ATOMIC STRUCTURE:
Sommer field’s relativistic atom model –vector atom model –various quantum numbers – L-S and J-J coupling – Pauli’s exclusion principle – magnetic dipole moment of an electron due to orbital and spin motion – Bohr magneton – Stern and Gerlach experiment – Lande ‘g’ factor.
Unit IV
SPLITTING OF SPECTRAL LINES:
Excitation, Ionisation and Critical Potentials – Davis and Goucher’s Method – Optical Spectra – Spectral Notation and Selection Rules – Fine Structure of Sodium D-Line – Zeeman Effect – Experimental Arrangement and Classical Theory of Normal Zeeman Effect – Larmor’s
Theorem –Quantum Theory of Normal Zeeman Effect –Anomalous Zeeman Effect –Explanation of Splitting of D1 And D2lines of Sodium – Paschen Back Effect – Stark Effect (Qualitative Only).
Unit V
LASERS:
General Principles of Lasers – Properties of Lasers Action – Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission – Population Inversion – Optical Pumping – HeNe Laser (Principle and Working) – Semiconductor Laser –Laser Applications–Holography.
Unit I
SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY:
Michelson-Morley Experiment–Frames of Reference – Galilean Relativity – Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity – Lorentz Transformation – Consequences – Time Dilation–Concept of Simultaneity – Doppler Effect – Length Contraction–Variation Of Mass with Velocity – Einstein’s Mass-Energy Relation– Relativistic Momentum – Energy Relation
Unit II
TRANSFORMATION RELATIONS:
Transformation of velocity, mass, energy and momentum – four vector – invariance under transformation – Lorentz transformation and velocity addition equations in terms of hyperbolic functions.
GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY: Inertial and Gravitational mass – Principle of equivalence – Experimental evidences for General theory of Relativity
Unit III
PHOTONS AND MATTER WAVES:
Difficulties of classical physics and origin of quantum theory –black body radiation – Planck’s law – Einstein’s photoelectric equation – Compton effect –pair production – De Broglie waves – phase velocity and group velocity– Davisson and Germer’s experiment –uncertainty principle – consequences –illustration of Gamma ray microscope.
Unit IV
OPERATORS AND SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION:
postulates of quantum mechanics – Wave function and its interpretation – Schrödinger‘s equation – linear operators – Eigenvalue – Hermitian operator – properties of Hermitian operator– observable – operators for position, linear Momentum, angular momentum components – commutator algebra –commutator between these operators –expectation values of position and momentum – Ehrenfest theorem.
Unit V
SOLVING SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION FOR SIMPLE PROBLEMS:
one-dimensional problems: (i) particle in a box, (ii) barrier penetration problem – quantum mechanical tunneling, (iii) linear harmonic oscillator.
higher dimensional problems: (i) Rigid rotator (qualitative), (ii) Hydrogen atom (qualitative).
Unit I
CAPACITORS AND ELECTROMETERS:
Spherical Capacitors – Cylindrical capacitors– Parallel plate capacitor – Effect of dielectric – the force of attraction between plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor – Guard Ring capacitor – Mica capacitor – uses of capacitors – Quadrant electrometer – measurement of potential, ionization current and dielectric constant.
Unit II
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS AND THERMOELECTRICITY:
Carey–Foster Bridge – theory – temperature coefficient of resistance –potentiometer – calibration of ammeter and high range voltmeter – thermoelectricity – laws of thermo e.m.f.– measurement of thermo e.m.f. using potentiometer–Peltier effect and Peltier coefficient – Thomson effect and Thomson coefficient – relation between π and σ – thermoelectric diagrams and their uses.
Unit III
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS:
Relation between three magnetic vectors B, H and M- Intensity of magnetization – Susceptibility – Permeability – Properties, Electron theory and Langevin’s theory of dia, para and ferromagnetic
materials – magnetic hysteresis – Experiment to draw B-H curve – Ballistic method – Energy loss – determination of susceptibility: Gouy’s method.
Unit IV
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION:
Magnetic induction due to a straight conductor carrying current – Moving coil ballistic galvanometer – damping correction –absolute capacity of a condenser using B.G – Ampere’s circuital Law Faradays Laws of electromagnetic induction – vector form – self – inductance by Anderson’s Bridge method – Mutual inductance – Experimental determination – coefficient of coupling
Unit V
ALTERNATING CURRENT:
Peak, average and RMS value of current and voltage– form factor – ac circuit containing resistance and inductance – ac circuit containing resistance and capacitance – series and parallel resonance circuits –Q factor – power in an ac circuit containing LCR – Wattless current – choke coil – Transformer – construction, theory and uses – energy loss – skin effect
(Any TEN Experiments)
1. Diffraction at a wire and straight edge
2. Specific rotation of a sugar solution
3. Brewster’s law- p0larization
4. Biprism – determination of refractive index
5. Dispersive power of plane diffraction grating.
6. Y- by Corlus Method
7. e/m Thomson Method.
8. Kundt’s tube – Velocity of sound, Adiabatic Young’s modulus of the
material of the rod.
9. Forbe’s method – Thermal conductivity of a metal rod.
10. Spectrometer– Grating – Normal incidence – Wave length of Mercury spectral
lines.
11. Spectrometer – Grating – Minimum deviation – Wave length of Mercury spectral
lines.
12. Spectrometer – (i-d) curve.
13. Spectrometer – (i-i׳ (curve.
14. Spectrometer – Narrow angled prism.
15. Rydberg’s constant
16. Spectral response of photo conductor (LDR).
17. Potentiometer –Resistance and Specific resistance of the coil.
18. Potentiometer – E.M.F of a thermocouple.
19. Carey Foster’s bridge – Temperature coefficient of resistance of the coil.
20. Deflection Magnetometer – Determination of Magnetic moment of a bar
magnet and BHusing circular coil carrying current.
21. Vibration magnetometer – Determination of BH using circular coil
carrying current– Tan B position.
22. B.G – Figure of Merit – Charge Sensitivity
Unit I
INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY SOURCES:
Energy Consumption as a Measure of Prosperity – World Energy Future – Energy Sources and their Availability – Conventional Energy Sources – Non-Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources – Comparison – Merits and Demerits.
Unit II
SOLAR ENERGY:
Solar Energy Introduction – Solar Constant – Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface – Solar Radiation Geometry – Solar Radiation Measurements – Solar Radiation Data –Solar Energy Storage And
Storage Systems – Solar Pond – Solar Cooker – Solar Water Heater – Solar Greenhouse – Types Of Greenhouses – Solar Cells.
Unit III
WIND ENERGY:
Introduction –Nature of the Wind – Basic Principle of Wind Energy Conversion – Wind Energy Data and Energy Estimation – Basic Components of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) – Advantages and Disadvantages of WECS – Applications – Tidal Energy
Unit IV
BIOMASS ENERGY:
Introduction – Classification – Biomass Conversion Technologies – Photosynthesis – Fermentation – Biogas Generation –Classification of Biogas Plants – Anaerobic Digestion for Biogas – Wood Gasification – Advantages & Disadvantages.
Unit V
ENERGY STORAGE:
Importance of Energy Storage- Batteries – Lead Acid Battery -NickelCadmium Battery – Fuel Cells – Types of Fuel Cells – Advantages And Disadvantages of Fuel Cells – Applications of Fuel Cells – Hydrogen Storage.
Unit I
CRYSTAL IMPERFECTIONS:
Introduction – Point Defects: Vacancies(Problems), Interstitials, Impurities, Electronic Defects – Equilibrium Concentration of Point Imperfections (Problems)–Application of Point Defects –Line Defects: Edge Dislocation(Problems), Screw Dislocation – Surface Defects: Extrinsic Defects – Intrinsic Defects: Grain Boundaries, Tilt &Twist Boundaries,Twin Boundaries, Stacking Faults – Volume Defects – Effect of Imperfections.
Unit II
MATERIAL DEFORMATION:
Introduction – Elastic Behavior of Materials – Atomic Model of Elastic Behavior –Modulus as a Parameter in Design – Rubber Like Elasticity – Inelastic Behavior of Materials – Relaxation Process – Viscoelastic Behavior of Materials – SpringDash Pot Models of Viscoelastic Behavior of Materials.
Unit III
PERMANENT DEFORMATION AND STRENGTHENING METHODS OF MATERIALS:
Introduction –Plastic Deformation: Tensile Stress-Strain Curve – Plastic Deformation by Slip – Creep: Mechanism of Creep – Creep Resistant Materials – Strengthening Methods: Strain Hardening, Grain Refinement – Solid Solution Strengthening – Precipitation Strengthening.
Unit IV
OPTICAL MATERIALS:
Introduction – Optical Absorption in Metals, Semiconductors and Insulators – NLO Materials and their Applications – Display Devices and Display Materials: Fluorescence And Phosphorescence – Light Emitting Diodes –Liquid Crystal Displays
Unit V
MECHANICAL TESTING:
Destructive Testing: Tensile Test,Compression Test, Hardness Test – Nondestructive Testing (NDT): Radiographic Methods, Ultrasonic Methods – Thermal Methods of NDT: Thermography – Equipment Used for NDT: Metallurgical Microscope
Unit I
PROPERTIES OF NUCLEUS: constituents of nucleus – isotopes, isobars, isotones – nuclear size, mass, density, charge, spin, angular momentum, magnetic dipole moment, electric quadrupole moment (qualitative) – binding energy – mass defect – packing fraction – nuclear stability – binding energyper nucleon graph – properties of nuclear force – meson theory of nuclear forces – Yukawa potential.
Nuclear Models: liquid drop model –Weizacker’s semi-empirical mass formula – shell model – magic numbers.
Unit II
RADIO ACTIVITY: radio activity – laws of radioactivity – radioactive disintegration, decay constant, half-life, mean-life (only final formulae) – units of radioactivity–successive disintegration – transient and secular equilibrium– properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays – Geiger-Nuttal law – α-ray spectra –Gammow’s theory of α-decay (qualitative) –β-ray spectrum –
neutrino theory of β-decay – nuclear isomerism – K-shell capture – internal conversion – non-conservation of parity in weak interactions.
Unit III
PARTICLE DETECTORS AND ACCELERATORS DETECTORS:
Gas Detectors –Ionization Chamber – G-M Counter – Scintillation Counter – Photo Multiplier Tube (Pmt) – Semiconductor Detectors – Neutron Detector.
Accelerators: Linear Accelerators – Cyclotron – Synchrotron – Betatron– Electron Synchrotron – Protonsynchrotron (Bevatron)
Unit IV
NUCLEAR REACTIONS:
Types Of Nuclear Reactions –Conservation Laws in Nuclear Reaction – QValue– Threshold Energy – Nuclear Fission – Energy Released In Fission – Chain Reaction – Critical Mass – Nuclear Reactor – NuclearFusion – Sources Of Stellar Energy – Proton-Proton Cycle – Carbon-Nitrogen Cycle – Thermonuclear Reactions – Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions.
Unit V
COSMIC RAYS AND ELEMENTARY PARTICLES COSMIC RAYS:
Discovery Of Cosmic Rays – Primary And Secondary Cosmic Rays – Cascade Theory Of Cosmic Ray Showers – Altitude And Latitude Effects –Discovery Of Positron – Pair Production – Annihilation Of Matter – Van-Allen Radiation Belts – Big-Bang Theory – Future Of The
Universe (Elementary Ideas Only).
Elementary Particles: particles and antiparticles – classification of elementary particles – types of fundamental interactions – quantum numbers of elementary particles – conservation laws and symmetry – quarks and types – quark model (elementary ideas only).
Unit I
BONDING IN SOLIDS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE:
Types of Bonding –Ionic Bonding – Bond Energy of Nacl Molecule – Covalent Bonding – Metallic Bonding – Hydrogen Bonding – Van-DerWaals Bonding – Crystal Lattice – Lattice Translational Vectors – Lattice with Basis – Unit Cell – Bravais’ Lattices – Miller Indices – Procedure for finding them –Packing of BCC and FCC Structures – Structures of Nacl and Diamond Crystals –Reciprocal Lattice – Reciprocal Lattice Vectors – Properties – Reciprocal Lattices to SC, BCC and FCC Structures – Brillouin Zones – X-Rays – Bragg’s Law(Simple Problems) – Experimental Methods: Laue Method, Powder Method And Rotating Crystal Method
Unit II
ELEMENTARY LATTICE DYNAMICS:
Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Monoatomicand Diatomic Chains. Acoustical and Optical Phonons –Qualitative description of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids – Dulong and Petit’s Law – Einstein and Debye Theories of specific Heat of Solids – T3 Law (Qualitative Only)–Properties of Metals – Classical Free Electron Theory of Metals(Drude-Lorentz) – Ohm’s Law – Electrical and Thermal Conductivities – Weidemann-Franz’ Law – Sommerfeld’s Quantum Free Electron Theory (Qualitative Only) – Einstein’s Theory of Specific Heat Capacity.
Unit III
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS:
Permeability, Susceptibility, Relation Between them – Classification of Magnetic Materials – Properties ofDia, Para,Ferro, Ferri and Antiferromagnetism – Langevin’s theoryof Diamagnetism – Langevin’sTheory of Paramagnetism – Curie-Weiss Law – Weiss Theory of Ferromagnetism (Qualitative Only) – Heisenberg’s Quantum Theory of Ferromagnetism – Domains – Discussion of B-H Curve –Hysteresis and Energy Loss – Soft and Hard Magnets – Magnetic Alloys.
Unit IV
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS:
Polarization and Electric Susceptibility –Local Electric Field of an Atom – Dielectric Constant and Polarisability – Polarization Processes: Electronic Polarization– Calculation of Polarisability – Ionic, Orientational and Space Charge Polarization –Internal Field – Clausius-MosottiRelation –Frequency Dependence of Dielectric Constant –Dielectric Loss – Effect of Temperature on Dielectric Constant – Dielectric Breakdown and its types – Classical Theory of Electric Polarisability –Normal and Anomalous Dispersion – Cauchy and SellmeirRelations – Langevin-Debye Equation – Complex Dielectric Constant -Optical Phenomena Application – Plasma Oscillations – Plasma Frequency –Plasmons.
Unit V
FERROELECTRIC & SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS:
Ferroelectric Effect:Curie-Weiss Law – Ferroelectric Domains, P-E Hysteresis Loop – Elementary Band Theory:Kronig-PennyModel – Band Gap(No Derivation) – Conductor, Semiconductor (P And N Type) and Insulator –Conductivity of Semiconductor – Mobility – Hall Effect – Measurement of Conductivity (Four Probe Method) – Hall Coefficient.
Super conductivity: experimental results –critical temperature –critical magnetic field – Meissner effect –type-I and type-II superconductors – London’s equation and penetration depth – isotope effect – idea of BCS theory (no derivation)
Unit I
Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Numbers Systems and their Conversions – Codes: BCD, Gray and Excess-3 Codes – Code Conversions –Complements (1’s, 2’s, 9’s And 10’s) – Binary Addition, Binary Subtraction using 1’s & 2’s Complement Methods – Boolean Laws – De-Morgan’s Theorem –Basic Logic Gates -Universal Logic Gates (NAND & NOR) – Standard Representation of Logic Functions (SOP & POS) – Minimization Techniques (Karnaugh Map: 2, 3, 4 Variables).
Unit II
Adders, Half & Full Adder –Subtractors, Half & Full Subtractor – Parallel Binary Adder – Magnitude Comparator – Multiplexers (4:1) &Demultiplexers (1:4), Encoder (8-Line-To-3- Line) And Decoder (3-Line-To-8-Line), BCD to Seven Segment Decoder.
Unit III
Flip-Flops: S-R Flip-Flop , J-K Flip-Flop, T and D Type Flip Flops, Master-Slave Flip-Flop, Truth Tables, Registers:- Serial in Serial Out And Parallel in And Parallel Out – Counters Asynchronous:-Mod-8, Mod-10, Synchronous – 4-Bit &Ring Counter – General Memory Operations, ROM, RAM (Static And Dynamic), PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, EAROM. IC – Logic Families: RTL, DTL, TTL Logic, CMOS NAND & NOR Gates, CMOS Inverter, Programmable Logic Devices – Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL).
Unit IV
8085 Microprocessor: Introduction To Microprocessor – INTEL 8085 Architecture – Register Organization –Pin Configuration Of 8085, Interrupts And Its Priority – Program Status Word (PSW) – Instruction Set Of 8085 –Addressing Modes Of 8085 –Assembly Language Programming Using 8085 –Programmes For Addition (8-Bit & 16-Bit), Subtraction (8-Bit & 16-Bit), Multiplication (8- Bit), Division (8- Bit) – Largest And Smallest Number In An Array – BCD To ASCII And ASCII To BCD.
Unit V
I/O Interfaces: Serial Communication Interface (8251-USART) – Programmable Peripheral Interface (8255-PPI) –Programmable Interval Timers (8253) – Keyboard And Display (8279), DMA Controller (8237).
(Any TEN Experiments)
1. Zener diode – voltage regulations
2. Bride rectifier using diodes
3. Clipping and clamping circuits using diodes.
4. Characteristics of a transistor –(CE mode)
5. RC coupled CE transistor amplifier – single stage.
6. Transistor Emitter follower.
7. Colpitt’s oscillator -transistor.
8. Hartley oscillator – transistor.
9. Astable multivibrator – transistor
10. FET – characteristics.
11. UJT -characteristics
12. AC circuits with L,C,R -Series resonance.
13. Operational amplifier – inverting amplifier and summing
14. Operational amplifier – differentiator & integrator.
15. 5V,IC Regulated power supply
16. Study of gate ICs – NOT,OR,AND, NOR,NAND, XOR, XNOR
17. Verification of De Morgan’s theorem using ICs –NOT, OR,AND
18. NAND and NOR as universal building block.
19. Half adder andHalf subtractor using basic logic gate ICs
20. Microprocessor 8085 – addition and subtraction (8 bit only)
21. Microprocessor 8085 – largest and smallest of numbers (8 bit only
Unit – I
NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Nanoscale– Nature and Nanostructures – Nanostructures: 0D,1D,2D– Surface To Volume Ratio– Size Effect – Excitons – Quantum Confinement– Metal Based Nanoparticles (Metal And Metal Oxide) – Nanocomposites (Non-Polymer Based) – Carbon Nanostructures –
Fullerene –SWCNT And MWCNT.
Unit – II
PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS:
Introduction –Mechanical Behavior –Elastic Properties – Hardness And Strength – Ductility And Toughness –Superplastic Behavior – Optical Properties – Surface Plasmon Resonance – Electrical Properties – Dielectric Materials And Properties – Magnetic Properties – Super Paramagnetism – Electrochemical Properties – Properties of Cnts.
Unit – III
FABRICATION METHODS AND VACUUM TECHNIQUES:
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches – Electrochemical Method – Chemical & Physical Vapour Depositions (CVD & PVD) – Plasma Arc Discharge – Sputtering – Thermal Evaporation – Pulsed Laser Deposition – Ball Milling – Lithography: Photolithography – E-Beam Lithography – Sol- Gel Methods – Synthesis Of CNT.
Unit – IV
CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES:
Scanning Probe Microscopy – Scanning Tunneling Microscopy – Atomic Force Microscopy – Scanning Electron Microscopy – Transmission Electron Microscopy –Powder XRD Method: Determination of Structure And Grain Size Analysis – UV-Visible and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
Unit – V
APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS:
Medicine: Drug Delivery – Photodynamic Therapy – Molecular Motors – Energy: Fuel Cells –Rechargeable Batteries – Supercapacitors– Photovoltaics. Sensors: Nanosensors Based On Optical And Physical Properties – Electrochemical Sensors – Nanobiosensors. Nanoelectronics: CNTFET – Display Screens – GMR Read/Write Heads – Nanorobots – Applications of CNTs
Unit – I
Operations on numbers – H.C.F & L.C.M of numbers – Decimal fractions – Simplifications – Square roots and Cube roots – Averages
Unit – II
Problems of ages – Surds & Indices – Percentage – Profit & Loss – Ratio & Proportions – Time & Work – Pipes & Cisterns
Unit – III
Time & Distance – Problems on Trains -Boats & Streams – Allegation & Mixtures – Logarithms – Simple interest & Compound interest.
Unit – IV
Area, Volumes and Surface areas – Calendar – Clocks – permutations & combinations – probability – Heights & Distances.
Unit – V
Logical Reasoning – Puzzles – Dice – Visual Reasoning – Alphanumeric Reasoning – Number series.