Unit I
SELF-AWARENESS(WHO) & POSITIVE THINKING(UNICEF)
Unit II
EMPATHY
Unit III
CRITICAL & CREATIVE THINKING
Unit IV
Part of Speech
4.1 Articles
4.2 Noun
4.3 Pronoun
4.4 Verb
4.5 Adverb
4.6 Adjective
4.7 Preposition
Unit V
Paragraph and Essay Writing
5.1 Descriptive
5.2 Expository
5.3 Persuasive
5.4 Narrative
Reading Comprehension
Unit I
Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
Financial Accounting – Meaning, Definition, Objectives, Basic Accounting Concepts and Conventions – Journal, Ledger Accounts– Subsidiary Books –Trial Balance – Classification of Errors – Rectification of Errors – Preparation of Suspense Account – Bank Reconciliation Statement – Need and Preparation
Unit II
Final Accounts
Final Accounts of Sole Trading Concern- Capital and Revenue Expenditure and Receipts – Preparation of Trading, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with Adjustments.
Unit III
Depreciation and Bills of Exchange
Depreciation – Meaning – Objectives – Accounting Treatments – Types – Straight Line Method – Diminishing Balance method – Conversion method. Units of Production Method – Cost Model vs Revaluation
Bills of Exchange – Definition – Specimens – Discounting of Bills – Endorsement of Bill – Collection – Noting – Renewal – Retirement of Bill under rebate
Unit IV
Accounting from Incomplete Records – Single Entry System
Incomplete Records -Meaning and Features – Limitations – Difference between Incomplete Records and Double Entry System – Methods of Calculation of Profit – Statement of Affairs Method – Preparation of final statements by Conversion method.
Unit V
Royalty and Insurance Claims
Meaning – Minimum Rent – Short Working – Recoupment of Short Working – Lessor and Lessee – Sublease – Accounting Treatment.
Insurance Claims –Calculation of Claim Amount-Average clause (Loss of Stock only)
Unit I
Introduction to Management
Meaning- Definitions – Nature and Scope – Levels of Management – Importance – Management Vs. Administration – Management: Science or Art –Evolution of Management Thoughts – F. W. Taylor, Henry Fayol, Peter F. Drucker, Elton Mayo – Functions of Management – Trends and Challenges of Management. Managers – Qualification – Duties & Responsibilities.
Unit II
Planning
Planning – Meaning – Definitions – Nature – Scope and Functions – Importance and Elements of Planning – Types – Planning Process – Tools and Techniques of Planning – Management by Objective (MBO). Decision Making: Meaning – Characteristics – Types – Steps in Decision Making – Forecasting.
Unit III
Organizing
Meaning – Definitions – Nature and Scope – Characteristics – Importance – Types – Formal and Informal Organization – Organization Chart – Organization Structure: Meaning and Types – Departmentalization– Authority and Responsibility – Centralization and Decentralization – Span of Management
Unit IV
Staffing
Introduction – Concept of Staffing- Staffing Process – Recruitment – Sources of Recruitment – Modern Recruitment Methods – Selection Procedure – Test Interview– Training: Need – Types– Promotion –Management Games – Performance Appraisal – Meaning and Methods – 360 degree Performance Appraisal – Work from Home – Managing Work from Home [WFH].
Unit V
Directing
Motivation –Meaning – Theories – Communication – Types – Barriers to Communications – Measures to Overcome the Barriers. Leadership – Nature – Types and Theories of Leadership – Styles of Leadership – Qualities of a Good Leader – Successful Women Leaders – Challenges faced by women in workforce – Supervision.
Co-ordination and Control
Co-ordination – Meaning – Techniques of Co-ordination. Control – Characteristics – Importance – Stages in the Control Process – Requisites of Effective Control and Controlling Techniques – Management by Exception [MBE].
Business Communication – 146E1A
Unit I
Introduction to Business Communication
Definition – Meaning – Importance of Effective Communication – Modern Communication Methods – Barriers to Communication – E-Communication – Business Letters: Need – Functions – Essentials of Effective Business Letters – Layout
Unit II
Trade Enquiries
Trade Enquiries – Orders and their Execution – Credit and Status Enquiries – Complaints and Adjustments – Collection Letters – Sales Letters – Circulars
Unit III
Banking & Insurance Correspondence
Banking Correspondence – Types – Structure of Banking Correspondence – Elements of a Good Banking Correspondence – Insurance – Meaning and Types – Insurance Correspondence – Difference between Life and General Insurance – Meaning of Fire Insurance – Kinds – Correspondence Relating to Marine Insurance – Agency Correspondence – Introduction – Kinds – Stages of Agent Correspondence – Terms of Agency Correspondence
Unit IV
Secretarial Correspondence
Company Secretarial Correspondence – Introduction – Duties of Secretary – Classification of Secretarial Correspondence – Specimen letters – Agenda and Minutes of Report writing – Introduction – Types of Reports – Preparation of Report Writing
Unit V
Interview Preparation
Application Letters – Preparation of Resume – Interview: Meaning – Objectives and Techniques of Various Types of Interviews –Creating & maintaining Digital Profile
Business Economics – 146E1C
Unit I
Introduction to Economics
Introduction to Economics – Wealth, Welfare and Scarcity Views on Economics – Positive and Normative Economics – Definition – Scope and Importance of Business Economics – Concepts: Production Possibility frontiers – Opportunity Cost – Accounting Profit and Economic Profit – Incremental and Marginal Concepts – Time and Discounting Principles – Concept of Efficiency- Business Cycle:- Theory, Inflation, Depression, Recession, Recovery, Reflation and Deflation
Unit II
Demand & Supply Functions
Meaning of Demand – Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants, Law of Demand and its Exceptions. Elasticity of Demand: Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance. Demand Forecasting – Factors Governing Demand Forecasting – Methods of Demand Forecasting, Law of Supply and Determinants.
Unit III
Consumer Behaviour
Consumer Behaviour – Meaning, Concepts and Features – Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility – Equi-Marginal Utility – Coordinal and Ordinal concepts of Utility – Indifference Curve: Meaning, Definition, Assumptions, Significance and Properties – Consumer’s Equilibrium. Price, Income and Substitution Effects. Types of Goods: Normal, Inferior and Giffen Goods – Derivation of Individual Demand Curve and Market Demand Curve with the help of Indifference Curve.
Unit IV
Theory of Production
Concept of Production – Production Functions: Linear and Non – Linear Homogeneous Production Functions – Law of Variable Proportion – Laws of Returns to Scale – Difference between Laws of variable proportion and returns to scale – Economies of Scale – Internal and External Economies – Internal and External Diseconomies – Producer’s equilibrium
Unit V
Market Structure
Price and Output Determination under Perfect Competition, Short Period and Long Period Price Determination, Objectives of Pricing Policy, its importance, Pricing Methods and Objectives – Price Determination under Monopoly, kinds of Monopoly, Price Discrimination, Determination of Price in Monopoly – Monopolistic Competition – Price Discrimination, Equilibrium of Firm in Monopolistic Competition–Oligopoly – Meaning – features, “Kinked Demand” Curve
MS Office for Commerce – 146S1A
Unit I
Introduction to MS Word & Commonly used features
Introduction to Word processing -Word processor / Editor – File Extension – DOCx, DOTx – Application / Document area
Title Bar, Menu Bar, Ribbon, Icons, Status Bar, Scroll Bar – Page Layout – Page Size ( Letter / A4 ) – Orientation ( Landscape / Portrait ) – Margin ( Top, Left, Bottom, Right ) -Navigation(Arrow keys, Ctrl + Arrow keys, Home, End, Page UP/ Page Down ) – Selection – Using Shift + Navigation
Fonts / Superscript / Subscript – Show / Hide – Displays non printing characters ( Space / TAB / Enter) – Change Case – Bullets / Numbering – Format Painter – Clipboard – Find / Replace
Screen shot – Prnt SCR / Alt + PrntScr – Indent – Line and Para spacing – Tab
Stop – Text to Table – Table to Text
Unit II
Insert Tab & Mail Merge
Insert Tab – Picture ( Styles, Border, Effects, Warp Text, Align, Rotate, Flip, Crop ) – Water Mark – Shapes ( Group, Ungroup, Bring to Front, Send to Back, Format shape ) – Hyperlink – Bookmark – Text Box – Word Art
Tables – Rows , Columns, Cell – Merge Cell – Split Cell
TOC – Update entire – Header / Footer – Cover Page – Break – Section Break –
Spell Check – ABC / F7 – Word Count
Working with Mail Merge
Unit III
Introduction to MS Powerpoint
Creating Presentation – File Extension – PPTx, PPSx – Slides and Layouts, Apply Background – Title Bar, Menu Bar, Ribbon, Icons, Status Bar, Scroll Bar – View – Slide Master
Insert Logo – to display in all slides – Change Text color – to maintain consistency in all slides
Slideshow – F5 / Shift F5
New Slide – Ctrl + M
Animation Effects – Apply in objects within the Slide
Transition Effect – Apply between slides
Rehearse Timing – Set timing to each slide
Loop until ESC – After reaching LAST slide, display again from 1st slide.
SaveAs – PPSx – PowerPoint Show
SlideShow – Use Pen / Highlighter
Paste the Chart from Excel – Data linked to Excel source
Insert Chart within PowerPoint – Data linked internally
Unit IV
Introduction to MS Excel &Using Formulas
Working with Excel
Opening a Workbook – Understanding the Display Screen
Working with the Ribbon – Exploring the File Tab – Working with the Quick
Access Toolbar – Working with the Status Bar- Switching Between Opened Workbooks
Entering Data – Moving the Cell Pointer – Selecting a Range of Cells – Creating a New Workbook – Inserting, Renaming, and Deleting Worksheets – Entering Constant Values – Using Auto Fill to Enter Data – Saving a Workbook – Editing Cell Contents
Clearing Cell Contents – Insert / Edit Comments – Working with Undo and Redo – Closing a Workbook
Using Formulas
Entering Formulas with Addressing Methods ( Relative / Mixed / Absolute ) – Using Auto Fill with Formulas – Using the Sum, Average, Max, Min, Count Functions – Using IF and NestedIf Function – Using Text Functions ( Len, Trim, Left, Right, Mid, Find, Replace, Upper, Lower, Proper ) – Using Date Functions ( Today, Now, Day, Month, Year ) – Using Lookup Functions ( Vlookup, Hlookup ) – Using Formula Error Checking – Cutting / Copying and Pasting Constant Values and Formulas – Copy / Pasting using Transpose option – Using Format Painter
Unit V
Working on multiple Worksheets & Working with huge Datasets
Formatting Worksheets – Formatting Numbers – Changing the Font Format – Aligning Cell Contents – Merging Cells
Adding Borders – Applying Cell Styles – Modifying Columns and Rows – Changing Column Width – Changing Row Height
Inserting and Deleting Columns or Rows – Hiding Columns or Rows – Editing
Workbooks – Working with AutoCorrect
Checking Spelling – Using Find and Replace – Using Hyperlinks ( Internal / External )
Working with huge Dataset
Using multilevel Sort – Using Filters – Fetching Unique Records
Finding Duplicates – Applying Conditional Formatting Rules
Applying Freeze Panes – Using Pivot Table ( Layout & Format )
Working with Charts Pie / Bar / Column / Line Charts – Titles / Legends / Data labels
Copy / Pasting in Word / PowerPoint
Printing Worksheets
Using Print Preview – Working with Print Settings – Using Page Setup Tools – Working in Page Layout View – Creating a Header and Footer – Using Page Break Preview – Printing a Worksheet
Exiting Excel
Unit I
Concept and Theories of Business Ethics:
Definition of Ethics – Personal Ethics and Business Ethics – Morality and Law – How are moral standards are formed? – Religion and Morality – Morality, Etiquette and – Professional Codes – Indian Ethical Traditions
Unit II
Business Ethics:
Principles of Personal Ethics – Principles of Professional Ethics – Evaluation of Ethics over the Years – Honesty, Integrity and Transparency – Distinction between Values and Ethics – Roots of Unethical Behaviour – Ethical Decision-making
Unit III
Ethical Dilemmas, Sources and their Resolutions:
What is an Ethical Dilemma? – Sources of Ethical Behaviour – Code of Personal Ethics for Employees – How to resolve an Ethical problem? – How to resolve Ethical Dilemmas?
Unit IV
Ethical Decision-making in Business:
Ethical Models that guide Decision-making – Which approach to use? – Ethical Decision-making with cross-holder Conflicts and Competition – Applying Moral Philosophy to Ethical Decision-making – Kohlberg’s Model of Cognitive Moral Development – Influences on Ethical Decision making – Personal values and Ethical Decision-making.
Unit V
Human Values for Indian Managers:
Lessons from Ancient Indian Education System – The Law of Karma – Quality of Work Life – Ethics of Vivekananda, Gandihiji, Aurobindo and Tagore.
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Unit I
RESILIENCE
Unit II
DECISION MAKING
Unit III
PROBLEM SOLVING
Unit IV
Tenses
4.1 Present
4.2 Past
4.3 Future
4.4 Concord
Unit V
English in the Workplace
5.1 E-mail – Invitation, Enquiry, Seeking
Clarification
5.2 Circular
5.3 Memo
5.4 Minutes of the Meeting
Unit I
Hire Purchase and Instalment System
Hire Purchase System – Accounting Treatment – Calculation of Interest – Default and Repossession – Hire Purchase Trading Account – Instalment System – Calculation of Profit
Unit II
Branch and Departmental Accounts
Branch – Dependent Branches: Accounting Aspects – Debtors system -Stock and Debtors system – Distinction between Wholesale Profit and Retail Profit – Independent Branches (Foreign Branches
excluded) – Departmental Accounts: Basis of Allocation of Expenses – Inter- Departmental Transfer at Cost or Selling Price.
Unit III
Partnership Accounts – I
Partnership Accounts: –Admission of a Partner – Treatment of Goodwill – Calculation of Hidden Goodwill –Retirement of a Partner – Death of a Partner.
Unit IV
Partnership Accounts – II
Dissolution of Partnership – Methods – Settlement of Accounts Regarding Losses and Assets – Realization account – Treatment of Goodwill – Preparation of Balance Sheet – One or more Partners
insolvent – All Partners insolvent – Application of Garner Vs Murray Theory – Accounting Treatment – Piecemeal Distribution – Surplus Capital Method – Maximum Loss Method.
Unit V
Accounting Standards for financial reporting (Theory only)
Objectives and Uses of Financial Statements for Users-Role of Accounting Standards – Development of Accounting Standards in India
Role of IFRS- IFRS Adoption vs Convergence Implementation Plan in India- Ind AS- An Introduction – Difference between Ind AS and IFRS.
Unit I
Elements of Contract
Indian Contract Act 1872: Definition of Contract, Essentials of Valid Contract, Classification of Contract, Offer and Acceptance – Consideration – Capacity to Contract – Free Consent – Legality of Object – Contingent Contracts – Void Contract
Unit II
Performance Contract
Meaning of Performance, Offer to Perform, Devolution of Joint liabilities & Rights, Time and Place of Performance, Reciprocal Promises, Assignment of Contracts – Remedies for Breach of contract – Termination and Discharge of Contract – Quasi Contract
Unit III
Contract of Indemnity and Guarantee
Contract of Indemnity and Contract of Guarantee – Extent of Surety’s Liability, Kinds of Guarantee, Rights of Surety, Discharge of Surety
Unit IV
Bailment and Pledge
Bailment and Pledge – Bailment – Concept – Essentials – Classification of Bailments, Duties and Rights of Bailor and Bailee – Law of Pledge – Meaning – Essentials of Valid Pledge, Pledge and Lien, Rights of Pawner and Pawnee
Unit V
Sale of Goods Act 1930:
Definition of Contract of Sale – Formation – Essentials of Contract of Sale – Conditions and Warranties – Transfer of Property – Contracts involving Sea Routes – Sale by Nonowners – Rights and duties of buyer – Rights of an Unpaid Seller
Unit I
Economic Development and Growth
Meaning & Definition – Concepts of Economic Growth and Development. Differences between Growth and Development. Measurement of Economic Development: Per Capita Income, Basic Needs, Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Development Index and Gender Empowerment Measure- Factors affecting Economic Development
Unit II
Classification of Nations on the basis of development
Characteristics of Developing Countries and Developed Countries – Population and Economic Development- Theories of Demographic Transition. Human Resource Development and Economic Development
Unit III
National Income
Meaning, Importance, National Income -Concept, types of measurement, Comparison of National Income at Constant and Current Prices. Sectorial Contribution to National Income. National Income
and Economic Welfare
Unit IV
Public Finance
Meaning, Importance, Role of Public Finance in Economic Development, Public Revenue-Sources, Direct and Indirect taxes, Impact and Incidence of Taxation, Public Expenditure-Classification and Cannons of Public Expenditure, Public Debt-Need, Sources and Importance, Budget-Importance, Types of Deficits -Revenue, Budgetary, Primary and Fiscal, Deficit Financing
Unit V
Money Supply
Theories of Money and Its Supply, Types of Money-Broad, Narrow and High Power, Concepts of M1, M2 and M3. Inflation and Deflation -Types, Causes and Impact, – Price Index- CPI and WPI, Role of Fiscal Policy in Controlling Money supply
Accounting using Excel(P) – 146S2A
Unit I
Using Financial Functions (Part 1)
ACCRINT function – Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest
ACCRINTM function – Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity
AMORDEGRC function – Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient
AMORLINC function – Returns the depreciation for each accounting period
COUPDAYBS function – Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date
COUPDAYS function – Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date
COUPDAYSNC function – Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date
COUPNCD function – Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date
COUPNUM function – Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date
COUPPCD function – Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date
CUMIPMT function – Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods
CUMPRINC function – Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods
Unit II
Using Financial Functions (Part 2)
DB function – Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method
DDB function – Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify
DISC function – Returns the discount rate for a security
DOLLARDE function – Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number
DOLLARFR function – Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction
DURATION function – Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments
EFFECT function – Returns the effective annual interest rate
FV function – Returns the future value of an investment
FVSCHEDULE function – Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates
Unit III
Using Financial Functions (Part 3)
INTRATE function – Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security
IPMT function – Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period
IRR function – Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows
ISPMT function – Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment
MDURATION function – Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100
MIRR function – Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates
NOMINAL function – Returns the annual nominal interest rate
NPER function – Returns the number of periods for an investment
NPV function – Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate
ODDFPRICE function – Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period
ODDFYIELD function – Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period
ODDLPRICE function – Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period
ODDLYIELD function – Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period
Unit IV
Using Financial Functions (Part 4)
PDURATION function (Excel 2013) – Returns the number of periods required by an investment to reach a specified value
PMT function – Returns the periodic payment for an annuity
PPMT function – Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period
PRICE function – Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest
PRICEDISC function – Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security
PRICEMAT function – Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity
PV function – Returns the present value of an investment
RATE function – Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity
RECEIVED function – Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security
RRI function (Excel 2013) – Returns an equivalent interest rate for the growth of an investment
Unit V
Using Financial Functions (Part 5)
SLN function – Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period
SYD function – Returns the sum-of-years’ digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period
TBILLEQ function – Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill
TBILLPRICE function – Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill
TBILLYIELD function – Returns the yield for a Treasury bill
VDB function – Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method
XIRR function – Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
XNPV function – Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic
YIELD function – Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest
YIELDDISC function – Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill
YIELDMAT function – Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity
Unit I
Overview of Retail
Introduction to Retail (Barter System to Trading) – Contribution to GDP -Career Opportunities in Retail – Retail & Entrepreneurship – Retail Formats – SMART Goals
Unit II
Retail Marketing
Basic Retail Marketing Concepts – Fundamentals of Pricing – Promotion – Omni Channel Retail Marketing & Distribution – Inventory management
Unit III
Retail Store Operations
Store Layout & Design – Visual Merchandising – Point of sale – Customer Handling – Basics in Retail Logistics & Supply Chain Management
Unit IV
Customer Value Management
Retail Communication – Personality Grooming – Sales Management – Cross Selling & Up-selling – Customer experience and feedback management – WOW factor in Retail Business – Health and Safety
at Workplace – Retail KPI – Team Work & Leadership Skills – Ethics in Retail
Unit V
Latest Trend in Retail Business
Latest technological developments in retail Sector – Social Media Marketing – Basic Retail Analytics
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Unit I
ACTIVE LISTENING
Unit II
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Unit III
COPING WITH STRESS
Unit IV
Grammar
4.1 Phrasal Verbs & Idioms
4.2 Modals and Auxiliaries
4.3 Verb Phrases – Gerund, Participle, Infinitive
Unit V
Composition/ Writing Skills
5.1 Official Correspondence – Leave Letter , Letter of Application, Permission Letter
5.2 Drafting Invitations
5.3 Brochures for Programmes and Events
Unit I
Issue of Shares
Issue of Shares – Premium – Discount – Forfeiture – Reissue – Pro-rata Allotment Issue of Rights and Bonus Shares – Underwriting of Shares and Debentures – Underwriting Commission – Types of Underwriting.
Unit II
Issue & Redemption of Preference Shares & Debentures
Redemption of Preference Shares–Provisions of Companies Act– Capital Redemption Reserve – Minimum Fresh Issue – Redemption at Par, Premium and Discount. Debentures: Issue and Redemption – Meaning – Methods – In-One lot–in Instalment – Purchase in the Open Market includes Ex Interest and Cum Interest – Sinking Fund Investment Method.
Unit III
Final Accounts
Introduction – Final Accounts – Form and Contents of Financial Statements as Per Schedule III of Companies Act 2013 – Part I Form of Balance Sheet – Part II Form of Statement of Profit and Loss – Ascertaining Profit for Managerial Remuneration
Unit IV
Valuation of Goodwill & Shares
Valuation of Goodwill – Meaning – Need for Valuation of Goodwill – Methods of Valuing Goodwill – Average Profit – Super Profit – Annuity and Capitalisation Method. Valuation of Shares – Need for Valuation of Shares – Methods of Valuation of Shares – Net Assets Method – Yield and Fair Value Methods.
Unit V
Indian Accounting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS)–Meaning and its Applicability in India – Indian Accounting Standards – Meaning – Objectives – Significance – Procedures for Formulation of Standards – Ind AS – 1 Presentation of Financial Statement, Ind AS – 2 Valuation of Inventories, Ind AS – 7 Cash Flow Statement, Ind AS – 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimate and Errors, Ind AS – 16 – Property, Plant & Equipment, Ind AS 38 – Intangible Assets Ind AS – 103, Business Combinations Ind AS 110, Consolidated Financial
Statement. (Theory Only)
Unit I
Introduction to Company law
Companies Act 2013 – Definition of a Company, Characteristics of Company – Lifting or Piercing the Corporate Veil – Company Distinguished from Partnership and Limited Liabilities Partnerships –
Classification of Companies – Based on Incorporation, Liability, Number of Members, Control.
Unit II
Formation of Company
Formation of a Company – Promoter –Incorporation Documents e-filing – Memorandum of Association – Contents – Alteration – Legal Effects – Articles of Association – Certificate of Incorporation – Prospectus – Contents – Kinds – Liabilities – Share Capital – Kinds – Issue –
Alteration – Dividend – Debentures.
Unit III
Meeting
Meeting and Resolution – Types – Requisites – Voting & Poll – Quorum – Proxy – Resolution – Ordinary & Special – Audit & Auditors – Qualification, Disqualification, Appointment and Removal of an Auditor
Unit IV
Management & Administration
Management & Administration – Directors – Legal Position – Board of Directors – Appointment/ Removal – Disqualification – Director Identification Number – Directorships – Powers – Duties – Board Committees – Related Party Transactions – Contract by One Person Company – Insider Trading- Managing Director – Manager – Secretarial Audit – Administrative Aspects and Winding Up – National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) – National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) – Special Courts.
Unit V
Winding up
Meaning – Modes – Compulsory Winding Up – Voluntary Winding Up – Consequences of Winding Up Order – Powers of Tribunal – Petition for Winding Up – Company Liquidator.
Unit I
Ratio
Ratio, Proportion and Variations, Indices and Logarithms.
Unit II
Interest and Annuity
Banker’s Discount – Simple and Compound Interest – Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic Progressions. Annuity – Meaning – Types of Annuity Applications.
Unit III
Business Statistics Measures of Central Tendency
Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean – Harmonic Mean – Mode and Median – Quartiles – Deciles – Percentiles. Measures of Variation –Range – Quartile Deviation and Mean Deviation – Variance and Standard Deviation & Co-efficient.
Unit IV
Correlation and Regression
Correlation – Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation – Spearman’s Rank Correlation – Regression Lines and Coefficients.
Unit V
Time Series Analysis and Index Numbers
Time Series Analysis : Secular Trend – Seasonal Variation – Cyclical variations – Index Numbers – Aggregative and Relative Index – Chain and Fixed Index –Wholesale Index – Cost of Living Index
Unit I
Introduction to Entrepreneurship
Meaning- Characteristics – Dimensions of an Entrepreneurship Fostering critical thinking and innovation.
Unit II
Idea Generation and selection
Design Thinking Process- Creativity – Innovation- Ideas Generation techniques – Analysis of Business opportunity – Fishbowl Method –Brain stroming.
Unit III
Pitching the business Idea
Business Models- Costing and Pricing – -Market survey- Writing of a B-Plan
Unit IV
Bootstrap of an Enterprise
Process of setting up an Enterprise – Feasibility Study-Marketing Technical and Financial.
Unit V
Finance and Government Support to setting up of an Enterprise
Sources of Funds- Government Schemes for entrepreneurs
Unit I
Introduction to Web technologies
How does the Website work -Types of Websites -Static & Dynamic websites
Unit II
Basic tools of Web design
Creating account – profiling – Create home page – Add pages, transitions, navigation, design, Template creation and Icons – Social media – Mapping – Tag video, Image, tables – text -inputs – image sliders – Icon integration – Forms
Unit III
Domain and hosting
Payment terms for website and publishing – Add to Cart – Payment terms for customers – post maintenance – Domain Purchase – Types f Domains – Types of Hosting
Unit IV
Strategies to branding
SEO Search engine Optimisation – Professionalise your site – Optimise for Mobile – Demonstration
Unit V
Website project and proposal
Data collection – Marketing – Communication
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Unit I
GOAL SETTING (UNICEF)
Unit II
INTEGRITY
Unit III
COPING WITH EMOTIONS
Unit IV
Language Competency Sentences
4.1 Simple Sentences
4.2 Compound Sentences
4.3 Complex Sentences
Direct and Indirect Speech
Unit V
Unit I
Amalgamation, Internal & External Reconstruction
Amalgamation – Meaning – Purchase Consideration – Lump sum Method, Net Assets Method, Net Payment Method, Intrinsic Value Method – Types of Methods of Accounting for Amalgamation -The Pooling of Interest Method – The Purchase Method (Excluding Inter-Company Holdings).
Internal & External Reconstruction
Internal Reconstruction – Conversion of Stock – Increase and Decrease of Capital – Reserve Liability – Accounting Treatment of External Reconstruction
Unit II
Accounting of Banking Companies
Final Statements of Banking Companies (As Per New Provisions) – Non-Performing Assets – Rebate on Bills Discounted- Profit and Loss a/c – Balance Sheet as Per Banking Regulation Act 1949.
Unit III
Insurance Company Accounts
Meaning of Insurance – Principles – Types – Preparation of Final Accounts of Insurance Companies – Accounts of Life Insurance Business – Accounts of General Insurance Companies -New Format.
Unit IV
Consolidated Financial Statements
Introduction-Holding & Subsidiary Company-Legal Requirements Relating to Preparation of Accounts -Preparation of Consolidated Balance Sheet (Excluding Inter-Company Holdings).
Unit V
Liquidation of Companies
Meaning-Modes of Winding Up – Preparation of Statement of Affairs and Statement of Deficiency or Surplus (List H) Order of Payment – Liquidators Remuneration- Liquidator’s Final Statement of Accounts.
Unit I
Introduction to Marketing
Meaning – Definition and Functions of Marketing – Evolution of Marketing Concepts – Innovations in Modern Marketing. Role and Importance of Marketing – Classification of Markets – Niche Marketing.
Unit II
Market Segmentation
Meaning and definition – Benefits – Criteria for segmentation – Types of segmentation – Geographic – Demographic – Psychographic – Behavioural – Targeting, Positioning & Repositioning – Introduction to Consumer Behaviour–Consumer Buying Decision Process and Post Purchase Behaviour –– Motives. Freud’s Theory of Motivation.
Unit III
Product & Price
Marketing Mix –– an overview of 4P’s of Marketing Mix – Product – Introduction to Stages of New Product Development – Product Life Cycle –– Pricing – Policies – Objectives –Factors
Influencing Pricing– Kinds of Pricing.
Unit IV
Promotions and Distributions
Elements of promotion – Advertising – Objectives – Kinds of Advertising Media – Traditional vs Digital Media – Sales Promotion – types of sales promotion – Personal Selling – Qualities needed for a personal seller – Channels of Distribution for Consumer Goods- Channel Members – Channels of Distribution for Industrial Goods.
Unit V
Competitive Analysis and Strategies
Global Market Environment – Social Responsibility and Marketing Ethics – Recent Trends in Marketing –A Basic Understanding of E–Marketing & M–Marketing – E-Tailing – CRM –Market Research – MIS and Marketing Regulation.
Unit I
Introduction to Financial System
Structure of Financial System – Role of Financial System in Economic Development – Financial Markets and Financial Instruments – Capital Markets – Money Markets – Primary Market Operations – Role of SEBI – Secondary Market Operations – Regulation – Functions of Stock Exchanges – Listing – Formalities – Financial Services Sector Problems and Reforms.
Unit II
Introduction to Financial Services
Concept, Nature and Scope of Financial Services – Regulatory Frame Work of Financial Services – Growth of Financial Services in India – Merchant Banking – Meaning-Types – Responsibilities of Merchant Bankers – Role of Merchant Bankers in Issue Management – Regulation of Merchant Banking in India.
Unit III
Venture Capital and Leasing
Venture Capital – Growth of Venture Capital in India – Financing Pattern under Venture Capital – Legal Aspects and Guidelines for Venture Capital, Leasing – Types of Leases – Evaluation of Leasing Option Vs. Borrowing.
Unit IV
Credit Rating
Credit Rating – Meaning, Functions – Debt Rating System of CRISIL, ICRA and CARE. Factoring, Forfeiting and Bill Discounting – Types of Factoring Arrangements – Factoring in the Indian Context
Unit V
Mutual Funds
Mutual Funds – Concept and Objectives, Functions and Portfolio Classification, Organization and Management – De-mat Services- Need and Operations- Role of NSDL and CSDL
Unit I
Introduction to Cash Accounting-Accrual Basis of AccountingAccrual and Cash accounting comparison
Unit II
Balance sheet and Income Statement-Accounts Payable-Basic Cash
flow Statement
Unit III
Introduction to working capital- Meaning-Direct and Indirect CostCurrent Assets-Cash Conversion
Unit IV
The Operating Cycle- Inventory Days
Unit V
Profit, Assets and Cashflow-The Profit Equation- Assumed AssetsThe Financial Crisis
Unit I
Overview of Financial Technology
Financial Technology – Emerging Technologies – India’s FinTech Ecosystem – Value Creation -FinTech Adaption – FinTech Global Scenario
Unit II
Internet of Things (IoT) & Application Program Interfaces
Introduction to Internet of Things & Application Program Interfaces – Financial System Communication – Open Banking
Unit III
Avenues of FinTech & Strategies of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Equity Crowd Funding – Wealth Management – P2P & Marketplace lending – Introduction to Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning – Difference between Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning – Fintech Applications / Case Studies
Unit IV
FinTech Regulations
Govt. initiatives in India (NPCI, UPI, OCEAN) – Security and Privacy in FinTech – Data Protection Laws & Regulations
Unit V
Project
Unit I
Introduction to Environmental Studies
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies;
Scope and importance; concept of sustainability and sustainable development.
Unit II
Ecosystem
What is an ecosystem? Structure and function of ecosystem; Energy flow in an
ecosystem:
Food chains, food webs and ecological succession, Case studies of the following
ecosystem:
a) Forest ecosystem
b) Grassland ecosystem
c) Desert ecosystem
d) Aquatic ecosystem (ponds, stream, lakes, rivers, ocean, estuaries)
Unit III
Natural Resources : Renewable and Non – renewable Resources
Land resources and land use change: Land degradation, soil erosion and desertification.
Deforestation : Causes and impacts due to mining, dam building on environment,
forests, biodiversity and tribal populations.
Water : Use and over – exploitation of surface and ground water, floods, droughts,
conflicts over water ( international and inter-state).
Energy resources : Renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate
energy sources, growing energy needs, case studies.
Unit IV
Biodiversity and Conservation
Levels of biological diversity: genetics, species and ecosystem diversity,
Biogeographic zones of India: Biodiversity patterns and global biodiversity hot spots
India as a mega- biodiversity nation, Endangered and endemic species of India.
Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man- wildlife conflicts,
biological invasions; Conservations of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation
of biodiversity.
Ecosystem and biodiversity services: Ecological, economic, social, ethical, aesthetic
and Informational value.
Unit V
Environmental Pollution
Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls: Air, Water, soil and noise
Pollution.
Nuclear hazards and human health risks
Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste
Pollution case studies.
Unit VI
Environmental Policies & Practices
Climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain and impacts on
human communities and agriculture
Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act; Wildlife Protection
Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements: Montreal and Kyoto
protocols and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
Nature reserves, tribal populations and rights, and human Wildlife conflicts in Indian
context.
Unit VII
Human Communities and the Environment
Human population growth, impacts on environment, human health and welfare.
Resettlement and rehabilitation of projects affected persons; case studies.
Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Environmental movements : Chipko, Silent Valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan.
Environmental ethics : Role of Indian and other religions and cultures in
environmental conservation.
Environmental communication and public awareness, case studies(e.g. CNG Vehicles
in Delhi)
Unit VIII
Field Work
Visit to an area to document environmental assets: river / forest/ flora/ fauna etc.
Visit to a local polluted site – Urban / Rural/ Industrial/ Agricultural.
Study of common plants, insects, birds and basic principles of identification.
Study of simple ecosystem- pond, river, Delhi Ridge etc.
Unit I
Introduction of Cost Accounting
Definition-Nature and Scope – Principles of Cost Accounting – Cost Accounting and Financial Accounting – Cost Accounting Vs Management Accounting –Installation of Costing System – Classification of Costs– Cost Centre– Profit Centre.
Unit II
Cost Sheet and Methods of Costing
Preparation of Cost Sheet – Tenders & Quotations – Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts –Unit Costing-Job Costing.
Unit III
Material Costing
Material Control – Meaning and Objectives – Purchase of Materials – EOQ –Stores Records – Reorder Levels – ABC Analysis – Issue of Materials –Methods of Issue – FIFO – LIFO – Base Stock Method –
Specific Price Method – Simple and Weighted Average Method.
Unit IV
Labour Costing
Direct Labour and Indirect Labour – Time Keeping – Methods and Calculation of Wage Payments – Time Wages – Piece Wages – Incentives – Different Methods of Incentive Payments – Idle time–Overtime – Labour Turnover – Meaning, Causes and Measurement.
Unit V
Overheads Costing
Overheads – Definition – Classification – Allocation and Apportionment of Overheads – Basis of Apportionment – Primary and Secondary Distribution – Absorption of Overheads – Methods of
absorption Preparation of Overheads Distribution Statement – Machine Hour Rate – Computation of Machine Hour Rate.
Unit I
Introduction to Banking
History of Banking- Provisions of Banking Regulations Act 1949 – Components of Indian Banking – Indian Banking System-Phases of Development – Banking Structure in India – Public Sector Banks, Private Banks, Foreign Banks, RRB, UCB, Payment Banks and Small Finance Banks – Banking System – Branch Banking – Unit Banking – Universal Banking- Financial Inclusion
Unit II
Central Bank and Commercial Bank
Central Banking: Definition –Need – Principles- Central Banking Vs Commercial Banking – Functions of Central Bank – Credit Creation. Commercial Banking: Definition – Functions – Personal Banking – Corporate Banking – Digital banking – Core Banking System (CBS) – Role of Banks in Economic Development.
Unit III
Banking Practice
Types of Accounts CASA – Types of Deposits – Opening Bank Account- Jan Dhan Yojana – Account Statement vs Passbook vs e-statement – Banker Customer Relationship – Special Types of
Customers –KYC norms. Loans & Advances –Lending Sources- Lending Principles-Types of
Loans – classification of assets and income recognition / provisioning (NPA) – Repo Rate & Reverse Repo Rate – securities of lending Factors influencing bank lending.
Unit IV
Negotiable Instruments Act
Negotiable Instruments – Meaning & Definition – Characteristics -Types of negotiable instruments. Crossing of Cheques– Concept – Objectives – Types of Crossing – Consequences of Non-Crossing. Endorsement – Meaning-Components-Kinds of Endorsements-Cheques payable to fictitious person Endorsement by legal representative – Negotiation bank-Effect of endorsement-Rules regarding Endorsement. Paying banker – Banker’s duty – Dishonouring of Cheques- Discharge by paying banks – Payments of a crossed cheque – Refusal of cheques Payment. Duties of Collecting Banker-Statutory protection under section 131-Collecting bankers’ duty –RBI instruction –Paying Banker Vs Collecting Banker- Customer Grievances – Grievance Redressal –Banking Ombudsman.
Unit V
Digital Banking
Meaning- Services – e-banking and financial services- InitiativesOpportunities – Internet banking Vs Traditional Banking Mobile banking–Anywhere Banking-Any Time Banking- Electronic Mobile Wallets. ATM – Concept – Features – Types-. Electronic money-Meaning-Categories-Merits of e-money – National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), RTGS, IMPS, UPI and Digital currency – Differences – Safety and Security in Digital Banking.
Unit I
Introduction to Income Tax
Introduction to Income Tax – History – Objectives of Taxation – Features of Income Tax – Meaning of Income – Types – Important Definitions Under the Income Tax Act –Types of Assessee – Income exempted under Section 10.
Unit II
Residential Status
Residential Status – Residential Status of an Individual – Company – HUF – Basic Conditions – Additional Conditions – Incidence of Tax and Residential Status – Problems on Residential Status and Incidence of Tax.
Unit III
Income from Salary
Salary Income – Definition – Allowances –Taxability – Perquisites – Kinds of Perquisites –Types of Provident Fund – Gratuity – Pension – Commutation of Pension – Deduction of Salary – Profits in Lieu of Salary – Computation of Salary Income
Unit IV
Income from House Property
Income from House Property –Basis of Charge – Annual Value – Gross Annual Value, Net Annual Value – Let-out vs Deemed to be let out Self-Occupied Property – Deductions – Computation of Income from House Property
Unit V
Profits and Gains from Business or Profession
Income from Business or Profession – Allowable Expenses – Expenses Disallowed – General Deductions – Depreciation – Undisclosed Income & Investments, Unexplained expenditure (Sec 69A, 69B, 69C, 69D) – Compulsory Maintenance of Books of Accounts – Audit of Accounts of Certain Persons – Special Provisions for Computing Incomes on Estimated Basis (Deemed Income) – Computation of Income from Business or Profession
Unit I
Introduction to Auditing
Meaning and Definition of Auditing –Distinction between Auditing and Accounting – Objectives – Advantages and Limitations of Audit – Scope of Audit – Classifications of Audits – Audit of For Profit enterprises and Non–profit Organizations
Unit II
Audit Procedures and Documentation
Audit Planning – Audit Programme – Procedures – Internal Audit – Internal Control – Internal Check System – Vouching – Cash and Trade Transactions – Verification of Assets and Liabilities and its Valuation
Unit III
Company Auditor
Appointment and Removal of Auditors – Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Auditor –Audit Report – Recent Trends in Auditing – Information Systems Audit (ISA) – Auditing around the computer – Auditing through the computer – e-audit tools
Unit IV
Introduction to Corporate Governance
Conceptual Framework of Corporate Governance: Theories & Models, Broad Committees – Corporate Governance Reforms. Major Corporate Scandals in India and Abroad: Common Governance Problems Noticed in various Corporate Failures. Introduction to Environment, Social and Governance (ESG – Code of Conduct – Directors and Auditors
Unit V
Corporate Social Responsibility
Concept of CSR, Corporate Philanthropy, Strategic Relationship of CSR with Corporate Sustainability – CSR and Business Ethics, CSR and Corporate Governance – CSR Provisions under the Companies Act, 2013 (Section 135 schedule – VII). – CSR Policy Rules
Unit I
Value education-its purpose and significance in the present world – Value system – The role
of culture and civilization – Holistic living – balancing the outer and inner – Body, Mind
and Intellectual level – Duties and responsibilities.
Unit II
Salient values for life – Truth, commitment, honesty and integrity, forgiveness and love,
empathy and ability to sacrifice, care, unity, and inclusiveness, Self esteem and self
confidence, punctuality – Time, task and resource management – Problem solving and
decision making skills – Interpersonal and Intra personal relationship – Team work –
Positive and creative thinking.
Unit III
Human Rights – Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Human Rights violations –
National Integration – Peace and non-violence – Dr.A P J Kalam’s ten points for
enlightened citizenship – Social Values and Welfare of the citizen – The role of media in
value building.
Unit IV
Environment and Ecological balance – interdependence of all beings – living and non-living.
The binding of man and nature – Environment conservation and enrichment.
Unit V
Social Evils – Corruption, Cyber crime, Terrorism – Alcoholism, Drug addiction – Dowry –
Domestic violence – untouchability – female infanticide – atrocities against women – How
to tackle them.
Unit I
Cost Accounting Standards
An Introduction to CAS – Purpose of CAS – Advantages of CAS – Difference between CAS and FAR Regulations – Different Degrees of CAS Coverage – Cost Accounting Standards – Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.
Unit II
Job Costing, Batch Costing and Contract Costing
Definitions – Features – A Comparison – Calculation of Profit on Contracts – Cost Plus Contract – Preparation of Contract A/c.
Unit III
Process Costing
Process Costing – Meaning – Features of Process Costing – Application of Process Costing – Fundamental Principles of Process Costing – Preparation of Process Accounts – Treatment of Loss and Gain: Normal and Abnormal Loss – Abnormal Gain – Concept of Equivalent Production – Joint Products and By Products
Unit IV
Operation Costing
Operation Costing – Meaning – Preparation of Operating Cost Sheet – Transport Costing – Power Supply Costing–Hospital Costing–Simple Problems
Unit V
Standard Costing and Variance Analysis
Definition – Objectives – Advantages – Standard Cost and Estimated Cost – Installation of Standard Costing System – Variance Analysis – Material, Labour, Overhead, and Sales Variances – Calculation of Variances
Unit I
Introduction to Management Accounting
Management Accounting – Meaning – Scope – Importance – Limitations – Management Accounting Vs Cost Accounting – Management Accounting Vs Financial Accounting. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements – Nature and Significance – Types of Financial Analysis – Tools of Analysis –Comparative Statements – Common Size Statement – Trend Analysis.
Unit II
Ratio Analysis
Ratio Analysis: Meaning – Advantages – Limitations – Types of Ratios – Liquidity Ratios – Profitability Ratios -Turnover Ratios – Solvency Ratios – Leverage Ratios – Preparation of Financial
Statements from Ratios.
Unit III
Funds Flow & Cash Flow Analysis
Introduction, Meaning of Funds Flow Statement-Ascertainment of Flow of Funds – Schedule of Changes in Working Capital Adjusted Profit and Loss Account – Preparation of Funds Flow Statement.
Cash Flow Statement: Meaning – Advantages – Limitations – Preparation of Cash Flow Statement as per AS 3 –Cash Flow from Operating, Financing and Investing activities
Unit IV
Budget and Budgetary Control
Meaning – Preparation of Various Budgets – Cash Budget – Flexible Budget– Production Budget – Sales Budget – Master Budget – Budgetary Control – Benefits
Unit V
Marginal Costing: Meaning – Features – Marginal Costing vs Absorption Costing – Fixed Cost, Variable Cost and Semi Variable Cost- Contribution- Marginal Cost Equation- P/V Ratio – Break Even Point – Margin of Safety – Cost- Volume Profits Analysis.
Decision Making: Selection of a Product Mix – Make or Buy Decision – Discontinuance of a product line – Change or Status quo – Limiting Factor or Key Factor
Unit I
Capital Gains
Capital Assets – Transfer – Short term vs Long term capital assets – Computation of Capital Gains – Exemption under Section 54 , 54B, 54D, 54EC, 54F, 54GA.
Unit II
Income From Other Sources & Clubbing of Income
Chargeability – Computation of Income from Other Sources – Deductions Allowed – Clubbing of Income – Concept
Unit III
Set Off and Carry Forward of Losses and Deductions From Gross Total Income
Gross Total Income vs Total Income – Provisions for Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses (Simple Problems). Deductions U/S 80C, 80CC, 80CCB, 80CCC, 80CCD, 80 CCE, 80D, 80DD, 80DDB, 80E, 80EE, 80EEA, 80EEB, 80G, 80GG, 80GGA, 80TTA, 80TTB, and 80U only.
Unit IV
Computation of Total Income – Individual
Computation of Total Income – Tax Liability of an Individuals (Old regime vs New regime
Unit V
Income Tax Authorities
Administration of Income Tax Act – Income Tax Authorities – Powers of CBDT – Powers of Income Tax Officer – Procedure for Assessment – Filing of Return – Due Dates of Filing – Voluntary Filing – Return of Loss – Belated Return – Defective Return – Signing of Return – Permanent Account Number (PAN) , e-PAN – Tax credit statement (26 AS) and Annual Information Statement (AIS).
Unit I
Indian Polity
Basics concepts- Three organs of Indian government (Executives, Legislature, Judiciary), Introduction to Indian Constitution – Salient features of constitution, Preamble, Fundamental rights, Fundamental duties, Directive Principles of State policy, Types of Majority, Amendments to the Constitution, Basic structure Doctrine, Division of subjects between the union and the states local Governance, Elections in India and Election Commission, CAG.
Unit II
Geography
Major oceans of the world –Important Canals – Gulfs – Straits and passes – Indian Rivers and its Tributaries – Climatology – Atmosphere, Wind systems, Clouds systems, World climatic classification – Indian climate – Indian Monsoon – Indian’s physical features, Indian Soil types and Distribution – Importance Trade routes and projects, Indian naturals vegetation – Indian agriculture- Major crops and its distribution, Indian Industries and its Distribution.
Unit III
Economy
National Income – Inflation – Money and Banking – Agriculture in India – Union Budget – Planning in India – Poverty – Unemployment – Inclusive Development and Development issues – Industrial polices – Financial Markets
Unit IV
History
Modern India – formation of Indian National Congress – Morley Minto Reforms, Revolutionary activities – World War I and India’s Response – Home Rule league – Montague Chelmsford reforms – Rowlett Act – Non –Cooperation Movement – Simon commission and Nehru Report – Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table conferences – Quit India Movement and Demand for Pakistan – Cabinet Mission – Formation of Constituents Assembly and partition of India
Unit V
Environment and Ecology
Basic concepts – Ecology, Biodiversity- Food chain and food web – Bio Geo Chemical Cycles – International Bio Diversity organisations International Conventions – Conferences and Protocol – Indian Environmental laws and Environment Related organisation